Disclaimer: I am neither a historian nor a student of history. These are notes for self reference, from books I have read.
Vedic Period (1500-600 BC)
Rig Vedic Age/Early Vedic Age (1500-1000 BC, discovery of Iron):
The word veda derived from vid(to know) meaning knowledge for excellence.
Vedic texts are Sruti (heard) believed to have directly revealted to the authors by God.
Rig Veda:
10 Chapters
II to VII → earliest
I and X → latest
1017 hyms + 10 valakhilyas Sukta
Aryans:
Original homeland (Steppe, grassland around Caspian sea)
⇩
Iran & Asia Minor
⇩(Through Hindukush, Sulaiman range)
India
Settled in Sapta Sindhu (land of seven rivers, Punjab,also referred to as the Brahmavarta)
Aryans came in several waves:
⇓
Conflict with Dasas and Dasyus
Dasas | Dasyus |
(early Aryans) Sambara by Divodasa, who belonged to the Bharata clan | The Aryans were hostile to dasya, original inhabitants of the country Trasadasyu(Aryan) : those who killed dasyus |
Battle of Tenkings:
dāśarājñá, mentioned in RV, Book 7.
took place on bank of River Parusni (Ravi).
The Aryans were divided into five tribes called Panch
Bharatha vs 10 Chiefs (5 Aryans and 5 Non Aryans)
Bharata/Trtsu was headed by Sudas.
Vashishta was priest of Trtsu while Vishwamitra supported 10 kings tribes.
Rivers: The Nadistuti sukta, “hymn of praise of rivers”, is hymn 10.75 of the Rigveda.
Modern River | Older Name |
Ravi | Parusani (or Airavati) |
Jhelum | Vitasta |
Chenab | Askini |
Sutlej | Sutudri |
Beas | Vipas |
Kabul | Kubha |
Kurram | Krumu |
Indus | Sindhu (River par excellence) |
Sarasuti | Saraswati, (naditarana crossing a river. |
Ghaggar | Drishadvati |
Maroowardhan | Maruvridha (Identified by Stein) |
Kashmir was known as Manoravasarana
Afghanistan was known as kambojal gandhara
Contemporary:
Avesta | Oldest text in iranian Language |
Hittite insc | Antolia Turkey |
Kassite insc. | Iraq Arayans name came from this |
Mittani insc | Syria |
Boghazkoi insc | it gives info about Indira, Varuna, Mitra Natasya |
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