Disclaimer: I am neither a historian nor a student of history. These are notes for self reference, from books I have read.
Vedic Period (1500-600 BC)
Rig Vedic Age/Early Vedic Age (1500-1000 BC, discovery of Iron):
-
The word veda derived from vid(to know) meaning knowledge for excellence.
-
Vedic texts are Sruti (heard) believed to have directly revealted to the authors by God.
Rig Veda:
-
10 Chapters
-
II to VII → earliest
-
I and X → latest
-
1017 hyms + 10 valakhilyas Sukta
-
Aryans:
Original homeland (Steppe, grassland around Caspian sea)
⇩
Iran & Asia Minor
⇩(Through Hindukush, Sulaiman range)
India
Settled in Sapta Sindhu (land of seven rivers, Punjab,also referred to as the Brahmavarta)
Aryans came in several waves:
⇓
Conflict with Dasas and Dasyus
Dasas |
Dasyus |
(early Aryans) Sambara by Divodasa, who belonged to the Bharata clan |
The Aryans were hostile to dasya, original inhabitants of the country Trasadasyu(Aryan) : those who killed dasyus |
Battle of Tenkings:
-
dāśarājñá, mentioned in RV, Book 7.
-
took place on bank of River Parusni (Ravi).
-
The Aryans were divided into five tribes called Panch
-
Bharatha vs 10 Chiefs (5 Aryans and 5 Non Aryans)
-
Bharata/Trtsu was headed by Sudas.
-
Vashishta was priest of Trtsu while Vishwamitra supported 10 kings tribes.
-
Rivers: The Nadistuti sukta, “hymn of praise of rivers”, is hymn 10.75 of the Rigveda.
Modern River |
Older Name |
Ravi |
Parusani (or Airavati) |
Jhelum |
Vitasta |
Chenab |
Askini |
Sutlej |
Sutudri |
Beas |
Vipas |
Kabul |
Kubha |
Kurram |
Krumu |
Indus |
Sindhu (River par excellence) |
Sarasuti |
Saraswati, (naditarana crossing a river. |
Ghaggar |
Drishadvati |
Maroowardhan |
Maruvridha (Identified by Stein) |
-
Kashmir was known as Manoravasarana
-
Afghanistan was known as kambojal gandhara
Contemporary:
Avesta |
Oldest text in iranian Language |
Hittite insc |
Antolia Turkey |
Kassite insc. |
Iraq Arayans name came from this |
Mittani insc |
Syria |
Boghazkoi insc |
it gives info about Indira, Varuna, Mitra Natasya |
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